Applying kohl in Islam (known as surma) is more than just a cosmetic tradition—it is deeply rooted in Prophetic practice and Muslim heritage. Across centuries, Muslims have asked questions like: Is kohl Sunnah? Is kohl halal or haram? Can men wear kohl in Islam? Can women wear kohl in Islam? These questions highlight both the religious and cultural importance of surma in Islam.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ himself recommended and used ithmid kohl, a natural mineral eyeliner known for its medicinal and spiritual value. From Hadith literature to scholarly writings, the guidance on kohl in Islam combines health benefits, Sunnah rulings, and spiritual significance. At the same time, modern Muslims also ask practical questions: Is kohl harmful today? What are the benefits of kohl in Islam according to science? Does applying kohl break the fast?
This guide answers all of these questions, drawing from authentic Hadiths, scholarly opinions, and modern medical perspectives. Whether you want to understand the meaning of kohl in Islam, how to apply it according to the Sunnah, or whether kohl in Islam is allowed for men and women in different settings, this article offers a complete and balanced overview.
What is Ithmid Kohl (Surma)?
In Islam, the term kohl (الكحل) refers to a fine powder used around the eyes, often made from natural minerals. The most praised type in the Sunnah is ithmid kohl, a black mineral traditionally imported from the Arabian Peninsula and Persia. Unlike modern eyeliners, ithmid is valued not only for enhancing appearance but also for its healing and protective qualities.
The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ recommended ithmid kohl, saying it strengthens the eyesight and promotes eyelash growth. This makes kohl unique in Islam—it is both a Sunnah practice and a natural medicine. Many classical scholars, such as Ibn Qayyim and Ibn Hajar, noted its dual benefit: beauty with purpose.
In Arabic, the word kohl (surma in Urdu, Hindi, and Persian) carries connotations of purity, vision, and dignity. In traditional societies, applying surma was not merely a cosmetic step but also a symbol of Islamic identity. Both men and women used kohl, although the intention and setting mattered. For example, men applied kohl primarily for health and Sunnah, while women used it for beauty within the limits of modesty.
The practice of applying kohl in Islam is also connected to night application. Hadith reports mention that the Prophet ﷺ would apply ithmid before sleeping, usually in three strokes per eye. This Sunnah application method reflects balance, care, and spiritual mindfulness, as even something as small as eye care was connected to the remembrance of Allah.
This is why kohl’s meaning in Islam goes beyond cosmetics—it has both medicinal and spiritual dimensions. Historically, Muslims valued ithmid surma for health, and today, authentic ithmid is still available in Islamic stores.
However, not all products marketed as “Islamic kohl” are authentic. Many modern kohl products contain harmful chemicals like lead. So, when Muslims ask whether kohl is allowed in Islam, scholars advise:
- ✅ Yes, if it’s authentic ithmid or safe herbal-based kohl.
- ❌ Caution: if it’s synthetic or chemical-based.
Thus, the Sunnah is not just to apply kohl, but to apply authentic ithmid kohl in Islam.
Today, Muslims continue to ask: Is it Sunnah to wear kohl every day? Can I wear surma at work or outside? While the Sunnah emphasizes health and modest use, the context, intention, setting, and types of Kohl remain important.
Is Using Kohl a Sunnah?
Yes. Applying kohl in Islam is considered a Sunnah Mustahabbah. The Prophet ﷺ not only used it personally but also encouraged his companions to apply ithmid for its physical and spiritual benefits. This practice is rooted in Hadiths and scholarly consensus, emphasizing moderation and intention.
Suggested: The benefits of Kohl: Scientific and historical benefits
Authentic Hadiths About Kohl
1️⃣ Narrated by Ibn Abbas (رضي الله عنه):
“The best of your kohl is ithmid, for it clears the vision and helps the eyelashes grow.”
(Reported by an-Nasa’i and Abu Dawud; Graded Hasan)(Sunan an-Nasa’i 5113, Sunan Abu Dawud 3837 | Graded Hasan)
This Hadith confirms the health benefits of kohl in Islam and explains why the Prophet ﷺ encouraged its use.
2️⃣ Narrated by Anas (رضي الله عنه):
“The Messenger of Allah ﷺ used to apply kohl to his right eye three times and to his left eye twice.”
(Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah | Graded authentic by Albani, Silsilah As-Sahihah, no. 633)
The above Hadith demonstrates the recommended Sunnah method to apply kohl in Islam—specifically using an odd number of strokes, which is consistent with many prophetic practices.
🌿 Rulings on Kohl in Islam
- For men: Applying kohl is Sunnah and encouraged for eye health. Modern questions often arise: Can men wear kohl in Islam? Is kohl allowed for men? The answer is yes, especially with ithmid kohl, which is both beneficial and Sunnah.
- For women: Women may also follow the Sunnah, but public application requires modesty. Islamic rulings distinguish between private and public settings, emphasizing that adornment in front of non-Mahram men is restricted.
By wearing kohl with the right intention, Muslims revive a prophetic Sunnah. However, it’s not obligatory (fard), making it an optional act of devotion.
Suggested: 20 Best Halal Kohl/ Surma/ Kajal For Muslims
🔹 Why Kohl Remains Relevant
- Following the Prophet ﷺ’s guidance ensures spiritual rewards and eye health.
- Authentic ithmid kohl remains a safe alternative to modern chemical eyeliners.
- Observing proper etiquette respects Islamic principles of modesty and intention.
This clearly shows that wearing kohl in Islam is more than a cosmetic practice—it is a Sunnah that combines health, modesty, and devotion.
How to Apply Kohl (Surma) Properly According to Sunnah
Applying kohl or surma properly is essential to follow the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ while enjoying its benefits in Islam. Scholars have outlined methods based on authentic Hadiths, emphasizing cleanliness, intention, and moderation.
🌿 How to Apply Kohl in Islam (Step-by-Step Guide)
- Choose Authentic Kohl (Ithmid):
Always select natural ithmid kohl, as this is the type recommended in Hadiths. Avoid chemical or lead-based Kohls, which may be harmful. You can purchase trusted products from reliable sources. - Clean Applicator:
Use a clean kohl stick or miswak applicator. Hygiene is key to preventing eye infections and maintaining the health benefits of kohl. - Application Technique:
- Apply kohl gently along the inner eyelid, starting with the right eye.
- Repeat in an odd number of strokes, preferably three, following the Sunnah.
- Applying in the evening is recommended, as the Prophet ﷺ often applied kohl at night.
- Men and Kohl in Islam:
Men are encouraged to use kohl in Islam. Applying kohl is a Sunnah act and helps strengthen the eyes, improve vision, and enhance overall appearance modestly. Questions like “Can men wear kohl in Islam?” are answered affirmatively for ithmid kohl. - Women and Kohl in Islam:
Women may follow the same steps at home or among other women, observing modesty. The ruling on women wearing kohl prohibits applying it publicly in front of non-Mahram men, but it is permissible in private settings.
🌿 Additional Tips
- Avoid Over-Application: Excessive use does not increase rewards and may irritate.
- Check Product Purity: Ensure the kohl eyeliner product is natural and safe.
- Eyebrows: Using kohl to enhance eyebrows is allowed if it doesn’t involve plucking or deception.
To know more, check The Ultimate Guide to Applying Ithmid Kohl: Sunnah, Benefits, and Best Practices
🔹 Spiritual and Health Benefits Of Kohl
Following the Sunnah of kohl brings both spiritual reward and eye care benefits. Scholars highlight that ithmid kohl:
- Enhances vision and strengthens eyelashes
- Protects the eyes from infections
- Serves as a Sunnah practice for men and women
This guidance ensures that wearing kohl aligns with both tradition and modern health considerations. By applying kohl following these steps, you respect the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ’s teachings, maintain hygiene, and enjoy the natural advantages of ithmid kohl. Kohl an odd number of times.” This method ensures both Sunnah compliance and eye health benefits.
Is Kohl Really Good for the Eyes?
Early Muslim scholars and physicians described many benefits of using authentic ithmid:
🖋️ Ibn al-Qayyim (رحمه الله) mentioned:
“Kohl keeps the eyes healthy, sharpens vision, and cleanses the eye from harmful substances. Applying it before sleeping is even better, and ithmid surpasses other types of kohl in effectiveness.”
(Zad al-Ma‘ad, 4/281)
Moreover, traditional Islamic history recounts Zarqa’ al-Yamamah, a legendary figure said to have extraordinary vision, with traces of ithmid found in the veins of her eyes when examined.
Modern Concerns About Kohl and Health
While kohl in Islam is a recommended Sunnah, many people today ask, “Is kohl harmful in Islam?” or “Is kohl halal?” It’s important to distinguish between authentic ithmid kohl and modern chemical kohls, which may contain harmful substances like lead or other additives.
🌿 Safety of Kohl in Islam
Authentic ithmid kohl has been used safely for centuries. Scholars such as Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen (رحمه الله) emphasized that ithmid kohl benefits the eyes, strengthens vision, and promotes eyelash growth.
“Ithmid is well-known for being beneficial to the eyes. If doctors advise against kohl today, perhaps they refer to modern chemical products, not to ithmid. We should consult reliable medical experts but maintain confidence in what the Prophet ﷺ encouraged.”
(Majmu‘ Fatawa, Vol. 17)
Modern synthetic Kohls, however, can pose health risks, including eye irritation and lead poisoning. This is why, in Islam, choosing Kohl from sources that offer authentic ithmid is crucial.
🌿 Health Benefits vs. Modern Concerns
- Benefits of kohl in Islam:
- Enhances vision and strengthens eyelashes
- Protects eyes from infection
- Acts as a natural cosmetic aligned with the Sunnah
- Modern Concerns:
- Lead or chemical-based kohls can be harmful
- Synthetic kohl may cause eye irritation
- Always verify authenticity to ensure safety and compliance with Sunnah kohl in Islam
By using ithmid kohl, one can safely follow the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ, enjoy cosmetic and health benefits, and avoid modern hazards.
Final Advice
- Only buy kohl from sources that sell pure ithmid.
- Avoid chemical kohls that may harm the eyes.
- Men and women should follow the Sunnah responsibly.
- Consult modern medical experts if you have eye concerns.
- Respect the rules of modesty when wearing kohl for women
Following these guidelines allows you to continue the tradition of kohl in Islam while protecting your health and honoring the Sunnah.
Can Women Wear Kohl in Public?
This is an important distinction in Islamic rulings. Although kohl is Sunnah for both men and women, Islamic guidelines place restrictions on women wearing kohl in public in front of non-Mahram men.
Why?
Islam commands believing women to conceal their adornment:
“…and not to show off their adornment except only that which is apparent…”
(An-Nur 24:31)
Scholars have clarified that adornment includes:
- Makeup
- Jewellery
- Perfume
- Kohl (surma)
Ibn Kathir explained that “that which is apparent” refers to clothing and unavoidable garments, but not makeup or facial adornment.
🔸 Ruling Summary:
- ❗ NOT permissible: For a woman to wear kohl in front of non-Mahrams for adornment.
- ✅ Permissible: For a woman to wear kohl at home or among other women, or while transitioning from one private house to another, if no non-Mahram will see her.
🕋 Why This Rule?
This ruling is to preserve modesty, reduce temptation, and prevent social corruption. Islam promotes the purity of hearts for both men and women by discouraging the unnecessary display of beauty in public spaces.
Ruling on Covering and Drawing Eyebrows with Kohl
There is a practice where someone covers their natural eyebrows with a substance, then draws over them with kohl, often for special occasions.
“There is nothing wrong with that, because the basic principle regarding such matters is that they are permissible, so long as there is no evidence from the Qur’an or Sunnah to indicate that it is haraam or disliked (makrooh).“
End quote from Fataawa ash-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, Majallat ad-Da‘wah, no. 1741, 7/2/1421 AH, p. 36.
So, what is the ruling?
- ✅ Permissible, as the default ruling on matters is permissibility.
- ❌ Not allowed if it is done to deceive a suitor or in a dishonest way.
- Dyeing or covering eyebrows and then drawing over them with kohl falls under the same ruling.
- What is forbidden is plucking or removing eyebrows.
- If the substance used to cover the eyebrows prevents water from reaching the skin, it must be removed before wudu (ablution) to ensure validity.
(Fataawa ash-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, Majallat ad-Da‘wah)
Drawing Eyebrows with Kohl: What If Some Hairs Fall Out?
Some people may use kohl pens or cosmetic pencils to enhance or define their eyebrows, either for beautification or to match skin tones. While drawing the eyebrows with a kohl pencil is generally permissible—as long as it does not involve plucking (which is haram)—questions often arise about hairs falling out accidentally during this process.
❓ Is It a Sin if Some Eyebrow Hairs Fall Out Unintentionally?
✔ No, it is not sinful if a few eyebrow hairs fall out accidentally while drawing with kohl or cosmetic pencils. Allah does not hold people accountable for mistakes or unintentional actions.
📖 Evidence from the Qur’an:
{Our Lord, do not impose blame upon us if we have forgotten or erred}
(Surah Al-Baqarah 2:286)
{And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred but [only for] what your hearts intended. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful}
(Surah Al-Ahzab 33:5)
So, if hairs come off without intention or deliberate effort, there is no sin upon the individual. However, one should take care not to make eyebrow grooming or enhancement a path toward unnecessary beautification in public, especially for women in front of non-Mahram men.
Applying Kohl While Fasting — Does It Break the Fast?
A common question arises: Can you apply kohl while fasting in Ramadan?
✅ Answer: Using kohl does NOT break the fast, even if used during the daytime.
However, scholars recommend that:
- It’s better to avoid kohl during fasting hours to avoid any doubts, especially if someone feels a trace of it in the throat.
- Using oils or creams on the body or hair also doesn’t invalidate the fast.
📌 Official Fatwa (Standing Committee):
“If a person applies kohl during the day in Ramadan whilst fasting, that does not invalidate the fast, but if he feels a trace of it in his throat then to be on the safe side he should make up that fast. It is better not to use kohl during the day when fasting.”
(Fatawa al-Lajnah al-Daimah, 10/253)
📌 Shaykh Ibn Baaz (رحمه الله) said:
“Kohl does not break the fast of either women or men… The same applies to other things that are used to beautify the face such as soap, creams… but makeup should not be used if it will harm the face.”
(Kitaab al-Fataawa al-Jaami’ah, vol. 1, p. 349)
Can You Use a Kohl Stick Made of Gold?
🔔 Eating and drinking from gold or silver utensils is prohibited in Islam.
It was narrated that Hudhayfah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Do not drink from vessels of gold and silver and do not eat from plates of the same. They are for them in this world and for you in the Hereafter.”
(Narrated by al-Bukhari, 5110; Muslim, 2067.)
It was narrated that Umm Salamah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “The one who eats and drinks from vessels of gold and silver is taking fire from Hell into his belly.”
(Narrated by al-Bukhari, 5311; Muslim, 2065. This version is narrated by a Muslim.)
However, using a kohl stick made of gold or silver is permissible.
🔸 Ibn Taymiyyah ruled that using a kohl stick made of precious metals is allowed because it’s related to treatment and personal grooming, not luxury consumption.
🔸 Ibn al-Qayyim noted: Using a gold stick to apply kohl benefits the eyes, strengthens vision, and may help in healing certain eye conditions. However, confirmation of these claims should be referred to medical experts today.
✔ Conclusion: Permissible, but using simpler applicators suffices.
(Zaad al-Ma’aad, 4/310; Al-Adab al-Shar‘iyyah 3/23; Al-Ikhtiyaaraat)
📝 Quick Reference Table
| Subject | Islamic Guidance | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| Applying Kohl | ✅ Sunnah Mustahabbah | Rewarded when done with intention |
| Recommended Type | ⚫ Ithmid (natural antimony) | As per the Hadith and scholars’ opinion |
| Application Method | Odd number (preferably 3 each) | Stronger view among scholars |
| Benefits | Enhances vision, strengthens lashes | Avoid lead-based kohl |
| Warning | Avoid lead-based kohls | Choose only authentic ithmid |
Conclusion: Reviving a Forgotten Sunnah
Kohl in Islam is more than just a cosmetic; it is a Sunnah practice that connects us to the teachings of the Prophet ﷺ. Using ithmid kohl provides both physical and spiritual benefits, making it a unique tradition in Muslim cultures.
Key takeaways:
- Kohl’s meaning in Islam: A recommended Sunnah for both men and women, promoting eye health and hygiene.
- Kohl in Islam for men: Fully permissible and encouraged.
- Kohl in Islam for women: Permissible in private settings; avoid public display in front of non-Mahram men.
- Benefits of kohl in Islam: Enhances vision, strengthens eyelashes, and protects the eyes naturally.
- Health concerns: Stick to authentic ithmid kohl; avoid chemical kohls that may be harmful.
By following these guidelines, Muslims can safely apply kohl in Islam, honor the Sunnah, and enjoy the timeless benefits of this prophetic practice.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q1: Can men wear kohl in Islam?
Yes, men can wear kohl in Islam. Authentic narrations mention that the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ applied ithmid kohl, especially before sleeping, and recommended it for its benefits to the eyes and for strengthening eyesight. However, men should use it with the intention of following the Sunnah and eye health, not as a means of beautification like women.
Final Advice and References
- Always use pure ithmid kohl.
- Apply kohl following the Sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ properly.
- Women should avoid excessive adornment in front of non-mahram men.
- Consult modern medical experts if you have eye problems.
- Take information from trusted Islamic and medical sources.
References
- Sunan an-Nasa’i, Sunan Abu Dawud, Musannaf Ibn Abi Shaybah (Sahih references via Sunnah.com).
- Ibn al-Qayyim. Zad al-Ma‘ad, 4/281 (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 1997).
- Ibn Uthaymeen. Majmu‘ Fatawa, Vol. 17 (Dar Al-Thuraya, 2003).
- Fatawa al-Lajnah al-Daimah, 10/253 (Dar Al-Ifta, 1995).
- Ibn Baaz. Kitaab al-Fataawa al-Jaami’ah, vol. 1, p. 349 (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 2001).
- Ibn Taymiyyah. Al-Adab al-Shar‘iyyah, 3/23 (Dar Al-Kotob Al-Ilmiyah, 1998).